The classical wetting process corresponds to liquid droplets or layers that
appear in the interface between a vapor phase and a solid substrate.
Complete wetting is characterized by vanishing contact angle
and thick layers of liquid. In fact, the layer thickness diverges
as one approaches the coexistence curve between the liquid and the vapor phase.
The nature of this divergence reflects the short- or long-ranged character of
the underlying molecular forces
[1].
This complete wetting process represents an interfacial phase transition
with a diverging correlation length
[1]
[2]
and a vanishing contact probability
for the two interfaces bounding the wetting layers
[10].
The critical behavior at complete wetting can be understood in the framework
of effective interface models
[5]
[1].
Depending on the direct molecular interactions between
the two interfaces, these transitions
exhibit two different scaling regimes:
In the fluctuation regime, the transitions are controlled
by the fluctuation-induced interactions arising from the
hard wall constraint;
in the other regime, the transitions are governed by the
molecular interactions.
[2].
The same distinction applies to systems with
quenched disorder
[6]
[7]
and quasi-periodic order
[8].
A particularly subtle case is provided by
3-dimensional systems with short-ranged molecular interactions that decay
exponentially with the interfacial separation. In this
case, the two regimes can be obtained by a non-perturbative
treatment of the hard wall interaction
[9]
[10]
as confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations
[10].
The two regimes also differ in the critical behavior of the
contact probability for the two interfaces
[10].
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